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Lesson 2.5 Vocab

accretion
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Definition

the formation of a celestial object by the effect of gravity pulling together surrounding objects and gases

Use In A Sentence

Recall that the Earth formed from the accretion of planetesimals.

chemistry
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Definition

the science of matter; the branch of the natural sciences dealing with the composition of substances and their properties and reactions

Use In A Sentence

Medical students are required to have an understanding of chemistry.

gravity
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Definition

the force by which a planet or other such body tends to draw objects toward its center

Use In A Sentence

As if he were defying gravity, the magician seemed to be levitating.

nuclear fusion
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Definition

the process of atoms combining in the core of a star, which releases a huge burst of energy

Use In A Sentence

Scientists are working on replicating the nuclear fusion that happens in the core of a star on a smaller scale in order to generate carbon-free power.

planet
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Definition

any celestial body (other than comets or satellites) that revolves around a star

Use In A Sentence

The planet Mars was named after the Roman god of war.

solar system
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Definition

the Sun and the objects that orbit it; the area in space in which the Sun’s gravitational pull is the dominant force

Use In A Sentence

Newton's great contribution to the science of mechanics was the discovery that the same laws of nature are valid throughout our solar system.

supernova
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Definition

a star that explodes and becomes extremely luminous in the process

Use In A Sentence

They noted the exact place in the sky where this supernova appeared.

Solar System

Driving Question: How is the development of our Solar System an increase in complexity?

When gravity pulled together clouds full of different chemicals from dying stars, new space objects formed. Planetary systems like ours are more common than we once thought, but one special planet in our Solar System made it possible for amazing things to happen!

Learning Objectives:

  1. Describe the formation of our Solar System.
  2. Explain why planets are more complex than stars.
  3. Use scale switching to understand the scale of our Solar System.
STEP 1

Opener: Solar System

Teaching Tools

Make this activity more interactive by cutting out the images and having students physically sort them—but don’t reveal the answer! Then, at the end of the lesson, they can go back and re-sort before they learn the answer. (This is great as a partner activity!)

Can you figure out how our Solar System formed? Check out the images and take a guess.

STEP 2

The Solar System

Teaching Tools

Connect Threshold 4 to current events by exploring the path that Artemus II took on its journey around the Moon External link and read more about humanity’s cosmic aspirations in this blog post External link .

The fourth Big History threshold made our corner of the Milky Way more complex. What were the ingredients and Goldilocks Conditions for this threshold?

Threshold 4: Solar System and Earth External link

Clouds full of different chemical elements spun around to create new complexity. The end result? Our Solar System and Earth!
STEP 3

Our Cosmic Neighborhood

Teaching Tools

Did you know that you can choose different Lexile levels of this article? Use the Version drop-down menu in the upper-left corner of the article and access the audio by clicking on the speaker icon in the upper-right corner. Find more reading supports on pages 3–5 of our Reading Guide External link .

It’s not all just empty space up there: our Solar System is made up of millions of cosmic objects. We’ll take a tour—but make sure to watch where you’re going!

STEP 4

Visualizing Our Solar System

Teaching Tools

While this video may be a little longer than others in Big History, it’s a must-watch! Students really begin to grasp the incredible scale of the Solar System. Looking for other ideas for demonstrating the scale of the Solar System? Check out this community conversation External link with a video of students creating a scale model on the school football field. 

It can be difficult to visualize the scale of our Solar System. These filmmakers came up with a unique way to show this massive scale.

To Scale: The Solar System External link

If the Sun is a huge beach ball and the Earth is a little marble, how far apart should they be on a true scale model of the Solar System? Time to do some serious scale switching!
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Key Ideas

As this video progresses, key ideas will be introduced to invoke discussion.
STEP 5

Closer: Solar System

When people read the news, a lot of the time they just skim through and look at the headlines. Let’s try summarizing your new knowledge about our Solar System for someone in a hurry.

Extension Materials
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There’s a lot more you could learn about the formation of the Solar System! Check out the activity and graphic biographies to expand your knowledge.
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Active Accretion

Teaching Tools

Get students outside and moving (spinning!) in this accretion simulation. See how one Big History teacher’s class simulated accretion in this community post External link video.

It’s the nature of things to clump together and build mass. This next activity will give you a unique perspective on the process of accretion.

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The Rocket Scientist

Teaching Tools

Do your students need some help to get the most out of historical comics? We’ve got a short lesson with a video, tool, and introductory activity. Check out our graphic biographies lesson plan External link to learn more about teaching using this genre.

Computers weren’t always mechanical. Meet Mary Golda Ross, a real-life human computer who helped build some of the first spacecrafts.

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Actually, It’s the Moon

Despite being just 29 years old when she died, Wang Zhenyi, who published works about math, astronomy, and poetry, is remembered as one of China’s greatest scholars.