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Lesson 4.1 Vocab

capitalism
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Definition

a competitive economic system in which products and production means are owned by individuals or private groups

Use In A Sentence

Marx argued that capitalism was the key feature of the modern world, but created such profound inequality that it would eventually have to be abolished in a future socialist society.

democracy
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Definition

a form of government in which power ultimately rests with the people, either directly or through elected representatives

Use In A Sentence

The dictator was forced out of power and democracy was established.

govern
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Definition

to rule over or in by political or sovereign authority

Use In A Sentence

The country is governed by the parliament.

liberal
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Definition

relating to democratic forms of government rather than monarchies or aristocracies; (in a political context) relating to or denoting a political and social philosophy that promotes individual rights, civil liberties, democracy, and free enterprise

Use In A Sentence

The new leader wished to establish a liberal form of government in a country that had never known political freedom.

nation-state
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Definition

the modern autonomous (self-governing) nation, considered as a unit of political organization

Use In A Sentence

Albania is a small nation-state of around 3 million people.

revolution
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Definition

a drastic and far-reaching change in ways of thinking and behaving

Use In A Sentence

The achievements of the scientific revolution and the technological advances that preceded it were very important.

right
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Definition

that which is due to a person naturally or legally

Use In A Sentence

It is her right to have an attorney present for the interview.

sovereignty
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Definition

the power of self-government, with independence from outside control; autonomy

Use In A Sentence

The nation's military fought valiantly to maintain their country's sovereignty, but ultimately they were no match for their rivals to the north.

Revolutions

Driving Question: How did people transform the political systems under which they lived, and were these changes felt equally around the world and within communities?

Revolutionary ideas emerged as individuals began to feel social and political inequalities. Enlightenment thinkers played a crucial role in shaping those revolutionary ideas. The combination of new thinking, economic inequality, and political grievances sparked movements that toppled kings and built a world of nation-states.

Learning Objectives:

  1. Analyze the roles sovereignty, individualism, and equality played in political revolutions.
  2. Use the course frames to evaluate how revolutions reshaped human communities in the long nineteenth century.
STEP 1

Opener: Revolutions

Teaching Tools

Check out “‘You Say You Want a Revolution’—How Do You Make Connections?” External link in the Community Forum for a ton of ideas about how to teach this activity and others in this unit.

As you may have guessed from its title, this unit is all about revolutions. So what is a revolution? Look at some revolutionary song lyrics to consider the definition.

STEP 2

Looking Ahead

Teaching Tools

This video uses the unexpected example of Saint-Louis in Senegal as a way to get students thinking about the wide-ranging impacts of the Age of Revolutions. This will get them primed to think about some of the questions they’ll encounter in one of Lesson 4.3’s Locked  articles: “West Africa in the Age of Revolutions.” External link

Be sure to ask students if they think this period should be called an Age of Revolutions if the impacts and participation were often so uneven.

Agree or disagree? Evaluate some statements before you dive into Unit 4—then see how accurate you were when you get to the end of the unit.

STEP 3

Revolutions: 1750 to 1914

Teaching Tools

Preview questions: Give students all the video comprehension questions in advance—or highlight anything you want them to focus on in advance—to help orient their attention. (Note that students will be prompted to preview the questions and transcript for all videos on the OER Project website.) If you’re looking for closed captioning or subtitles in other languages, you can watch all our videos on the OER Project YouTube channel External link .

New ideas can spark new hopes and dreams for the future. In the late eighteenth century, revolutionary visions aimed to transform social, economic, and political structures.

Unit 4 Overview External link

In response to changing economic conditions and new ideas, people revolted against old political systems and imagined a new future.
STEP 4

Framing Unit 4

This video and activity will help us use the frames to evaluate the causes and effects of political and national revolutions during the long nineteenth century.

Unit 4 Frames External link

The emergence of the nation-state dramatically changed the kinds of communities in which people lived, but empires and other kinds of states remained important.
STEP 5

Closer: Revolutions

Teaching Tools

Consider prompting your English-learner students to try translanguaging as they break down the meaning of revolution and evolution. That strategy—and more ways to support all learners—is covered in our Differentiation Guide Locked .

The age of revolutions turned the world upside down. Or did it?

Extension Materials
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Use this post-writing activity to evaluate analysis and evidence in an essay—either your own or a student sample.
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Essay Review: Analysis and Evidence

A great way to improve your own writing skills is to evaluate writing samples. In this activity, you’ll use your own writing or a sample essay to evaluate the use of analysis and evidence.