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Lesson 7.4 Vocab

authoritarian
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Definition

of, pertaining to, or advocating complete obedience or subjugation to authority, especially political authority, without concern for individual rights

Use In A Sentence

The European monarchs had been authoritarian rulers for centuries.

collectivization
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Definition

the act or process of organizing or reorganizing an economy, business, or industry based on collective ownership and joint control of the means of production and distribution

Use In A Sentence

The collectivization of factories in the Soviet Union theoretically put industry in the hands of the workers.

communism
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Definition

the theory of a classless social system in which all property and means of production are owned in common; socialist theory deriving from the works of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels and adopted by the Soviet Union

Use In A Sentence

China adopted communism as their political and economic system in 1949.

fascism
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Definition

a system of government characterized by strong, often dictatorial control of political and economic affairs, and often by warlike nationalism and brutal suppression of political dissidents and ethnic minorities

Use In A Sentence

The Nazi's wanted to spread fascism and rule the world.

ideology
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Definition

the body of beliefs, symbols, and political and social aims that characterizes a particular group or institution

Use In A Sentence

All aspects of our lives were influenced by Catholic ideology.

militarism
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Definition

a policy that emphasizes military strength and preparedness

Use In A Sentence

The administration has been criticized for the militarism of its foreign policy.

totalitarian
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Definition

designating a system of government in which power and authority are highly centralized and intrusive into the lives of private citizens, and in which neither opposing parties nor individual differences in opinion are allowed

Use In A Sentence

A totalitarian government was established under the dictator.

Comparing Authoritarianism

Driving Question: How were authoritarian governments in the interwar period similar and different?

Not all authoritarian governments looked alike, but they had a lot in common. This lesson gives you the tools to spot patterns and challenge the idea that there’s just one version of dictatorship.

Learning Objectives:

  1. Use close-reading skills to identify how authoritarian leaders gained and maintained power across different interwar governments.
  2. Use the historical thinking practice of comparison to evaluate similarities and differences among fascist and communist regimes in the interwar period.
STEP 1

Opener: Comparing Authoritarianism

Teaching Tools

The Second World War and the ideologies surrounding it—especially fascism—can create discomfort and even conflict in some contexts today. Think about how to approach these topics with your students and set discussion expectations ahead of time. If you need more support, take a look at OER Project’s Teaching Sensitive Topics in Social Studies External link .

It wasn’t just Nazis. The interwar period elevated many different ideologies. Understanding how we define some of these terms will prepare you for this lesson.

STEP 2

Fascists Rise

Teaching Tools

Read “Not-So-Dry January for the Interwar Years External link ” for some ideas for how to approach multiple readings at one time.

Germany, Italy, and Japan all turned to authoritarian rule during the interwar years—but they didn’t all follow the same path. To better understand the threats facing the world in the interwar years, compare how each regime rose and ruled.

STEP 3

Soviet Authoritarianism

Explore how the Soviet Union built a new kind of community under communism. Then, compare its goals and methods to fascist regimes to see how different ideologies shaped power and belonging.

STEP 4

Closer: Comparing Authoritarianism

Use this quick closer to reflect on the violent and exclusionary beliefs and practices embraced by fascists.