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Lesson 8.2 Vocab

alliance
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Definition

a mutually beneficial relationship between two nations forged to further common interests or prevent attack from common enemies

Use In A Sentence

The two nations formed an alliance in hopes of defeating their common enemy in war.

assassination
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Definition

the deliberate killing of a prominent or important person, often for political or ideological reasons

ethnic
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Definition

of or related to a large group of people who share a distinctive culture, language, or religion, or who are of the same race or national heritage

Use In A Sentence

Japanese and Chinese immigrants made up two of Hawaii's major ethnic groups in 1900.

mobilization
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Definition

the act of assembling, organizing, or adapting (industries, supplies, facilities, or the like) for immediate use or service in times of war or states of emergency; the act of assembling and preparing (troops or the like) for active military duty or service to a country

Use In A Sentence

The nation ordered troop mobilization to prepare for the upcoming battle.

nationalism
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Definition

the idea that citizens of a country are part of something bigger than themselves and that they are loyal to a set of national ideals and practices

Use In A Sentence

A wave of nationalism swept the country after its citizens were attacked.

propaganda
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Definition

information or statements of opinion that are deliberately circulated among the public in order to persuade the population to accept a particular point of view, especially one in favor of or opposed to a particular movement, cause, or doctrine

Use In A Sentence

The government spread propaganda to convince people of the threat from foreign enemies.

total war
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Definition

global war in which all warring nations’ mobilize for the war effort including soldier and civilian populations, who are both participants and targets; usually defined as meeting four criteria: mobilization, blurring of lines between citizen and civilian, total control of society, and rejection of a compromise peace

Use In A Sentence

World War I was an example of total war.

Causes of the First World War

Driving Question: What caused World War I?

Military forces grew, alliances solidified, and tensions rose across continents. When war finally came, it was no accident; it was the result of systems pushed to the breaking point.

Learning Objectives:

  1. Use causal-thinking skills to evaluate the factors that led to the outbreak of World War I.
  2. Use image-analysis skills to assess how propaganda was used in World War I.
STEP 1

Opener: Causes of the First World War

Teaching Tools

Considering the “what-ifs” of history can be a lot of fun. But it’s also a great way to get your students to think about contingency and causation. It helps them see how small choices can have big consequences and how so many world events are interconnected.

As they move into learning about the world wars and other conflicts of the twentieth century, encourage students to repeat the what-if exercise they’ll encounter here. For example:

  • What if Japan never attacked Pearl Harbor?
  • What if Khrushchev had called JFK’s bluff and ordered Soviet ships to Cuba?

Or take a step back in time:

  • What if Hannibal had defeated Rome?
  • What if Zheng He had sailed across the Pacific Ocean?
  • What if Napoleon hadn’t invaded Russia?

Watch this what-if video about the plot to assassinate Franz Ferdinand and consider how an event in your life might have turned out differently.

How a Wrong Turn Started World War I External link

The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand launched the First World War. But what if the assassin's bullet had missed? Well, it turns out, it did…a few different times. If he had escaped, would the war still have happened?
STEP 2

A War to End All Wars

Teaching Tools

Did you know? Gavrilo Princip didn’t set out to start a world war. In fact, his assassination attempt failed several times, and only some extreme luck (or lack of it) helped him finally succeed. This lesson is a helpful way to illustrate how one event can cascade into catastrophe due to many overlapping causes. The primary sources in the image carousel External link  and the article provide students with evidence to complete the main activity.

Unpack the tangled web of alliances, rivalries, and political choices that led to war in 1914. This section helps you sort through long-term causes and immediate sparks.

STEP 3

The First World War

Teaching Tools

This is a fun, hands-on activity, and a great way to show students that World War I was not simply a “European war.”

Be sure to download and print the Narratives External link  and Region Cards External link  ahead of time. You’ll also need a large ball of yarn and large sheets of paper.

If you’re in a rush or concerned about students throwing a ball of yarn around your classroom, this OER Project teacher suggests having the students draw the webs on paper while you read the narrative. Find her tips and the slide deck she used in the OER Project Teacher Community Forum External link .

World War I didn’t stay confined to Europe. Explore how deeply interconnected the world already was by 1914, and how those connections turned a regional crisis into a global war.

STEP 4

Closer: Causes of the First World War

Now that you've explored the causes of World War I, take a closer look at how those causes were communicated to the public. Propaganda posters reveal what leaders wanted people to believe—and why.

Extension Materials
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Examine a range of sources to better understand the emotional and human impact of the First World War.
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World War I Up Close

World War I changed not just nations, but the lives of everyday people. Analyze a collection of wartime voices and images to explore the many ways war shaped lives, both on the front lines and at home.