A simulation of Earth’s climate system used to re-create past climatic conditions and predict future conditions based on different factors including human action.

As technology advances, climate model predictions have become increasingly accurate.

Measurable changes in Earth’s natural systems directly caused by warming temperatures.

Another set of direct impacts is the increased likelihood—and often severity—of some naturally occurring events, such as floods, storms, and wildfires.

Changes to the everyday systems we rely upon for our food, housing, and security as a result of climate change interacting with our human systems.

Other types of indirect impacts of climate change include increased heat- and cold-related illnesses, respiratory problems, and challenges to mental health.

A colorless greenhouse gas with about 28 times the warming power of CO₂. Occurs in nature through decomposition; also occurs as a result of human activities such as fertilizer production.

As polar ice disappears, it’s releasing huge amounts of the greenhouse gas methane, which has been underground for millennia.

degrees of magnification, or perspective, used to measure time, space, and size

Cosmology is the study of the universe on its largest scales, including its origin.