The “long nineteenth century” was an age of revolutions. How did these transformations create the modern world in which we live today?

Revolutions everywhere—political, national, economic, industrial, imperial. Change was the only constant in the “long nineteenth century.”

The “long nineteenth century” appears revolutionary, no matter which frame you use to view the changes that occurred.

Orient yourself in time and space as you begin Era 6, by using maps to make predictions about the revolutions of the long nineteenth century.

A full-color political map of the world in 1750 CE, highlighting the major states, communities, and cities you’ll learn about in WHP.

A black and white version of the world in 1750 CE, that can be cropped to specific regions and easily printed.

Time to track! Add new words to your individualized tracker as you move through Era 6.

In Era 6, continue the routine of building a class word wall, an important visual cue and literacy support.

This vocab guide provides a summary of the key vocabulary for the unit.

Vocab cards for each of the key words in this era.

Here’s the new Era Problem! Respond to this based on what you currently know… don’t worry if it’s not much—you’re going to learn a lot more!

It’s getting hot out there, folks. These charts provide an overview of historic changes in average temperature and greenhouse gas emissions—with an eye toward the future.

Students use this activity to begin collecting relevant evidence from the OWID and WHP websites to support a prediction about the future.

They sound similar. Do they mean the same thing? Dig into the similarities and differences of these two words, one of which plays a large role in this lesson.

Sovereignty is tricky to define, but you can understand it better by seeing how it radically it changed people’s personal and political lives.

The Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment changed the way we think—not just about the natural world but about rights, government, and industry.

Between 1775 and 1825 several revolutions occurred around the Atlantic Ocean, all influenced by Enlightenment ideas and provoked by economic problems.

The Enlightenment was a period in history named not for its battles, but for its ideas. But these ideas certainly contributed to many political revolutions around the world.

Analyze quotes from Enlightenment thinkers to better understand the Enlightenment, as well as its impact today.

From 1775 to 1825, a series of revolutions in the Americas and Europe brought down the colonial system and European monarchies that had been profiting from it.

The Haitian Revolution defeated the French Empire, abolished slavery, and shook the foundations of the Atlantic slave economy. But the struggle didn’t end there.

Was West Africa as “revolutionary” in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries as all those other revolutions that were taking place? This article argues it was!

In 1680, Pueblos in Nuevo México revolted against their Spanish colonizers. It was the first successful revolt against European colonialism in the United States.

Into the kitchen! Gather the ingredients and cook up a revolution.

Ideas about sovereignty created a situation in which people could think of themselves as members of a nation of citizens, for better or worse.

Nationalism has been the most impactful ideology of the modern world. It has allowed mass cooperation and produced mass violence. Is it good or bad?

John Green gives an overview of how nation-states form and takes a closer look at the rise of the Japanese nation-state.

How did political revolutions impact communities and networks? Use the Quick-Sourcing Tool to assess the primary sources in this collection to find out!

How did political revolutions impact communities and networks? The primary sources in this collection will help you formulate a response to this question.

What does it mean to be “revolutionary”? Examine women throughout history who have earned this label and create an influencer campaign of one of them.

Explore pre- and post-industrialization images to identify changes in communities, networks, and production and distribution.

Abundant fossil fuels like coal led to innovative machines, like engines. These inventions launched an era of accelerated change that continues to transform human society

During the long nineteenth century, Britain had several advantages that allowed it to industrialize first. What were they? Nick Dennis travels to England to mine for answers.

Where did the Industrial Revolution begin? There are big debates surrounding this question, and these debates tell us a lot about both history and the present.

See urbanization unfold before your eyes, with all its chaos and change!

The Industrial Revolution transformed life in Britain. But the transformation of the British economy had consequences for people in every corner of the world.

All aboard! Learn how trains changed how humans understood travel and work. It’s trains not TARDIS, but they transformed our ideas about time and space.

By comparing across multiple locations or spatial scales, we can see how industrialization was adopted differently in many areas of the world at this time.

When industrialization elsewhere threatened Japan, a new Japanese government used modernization as a defense. The result was a uniquely Japanese version of industrialization.

In the nineteenth century, Egypt built an industrialized economy and became a major producer of cotton. Historians still debate why their industrialization ultimately failed.

This activity has you use data from Gapminder to assess how industrialization has led to increased income and longer life expectancy in most regions of the world.

Revisit the Question Parsing Tool and improve your ability to figure out what you are being asked in writing prompts.

Political revolutions sent empires into retreat in the early years of the long nineteenth century. But they were soon back. Several factors led to this “new” imperialism.

When confronting imperial power, people responded in creative ways that go beyond collaboration and resistance.

Ottilie Baader became a leader of the German labor reform movement, but she also lived a life of work, not unlike many industrial workers of her time.

What was it like to live as a colonial subject? Of course, there many differing experiences, but we can get some answers by looking closely at Ghana as a case study.

How do you explain imperialism? How did people respond to imperial control? Here are some ideas, you decide whether they’re correct.

As European-dominated empires spread, people in Asia re-imagined and tried to engineer their way through this changing world.

Dadabhai Naoroji was born in India under British Colonial rule. As a successful businessman and political leader, he helped paved the way for eventual Indian independence.

In the face of imperialism, Chinese leaders struggled to modernize and reinforce traditional values at the same time.

The Opium Wars pitted the world’s two strongest economies against each other: the British Empire and Qing Dynasty China. The results transformed the global economy.

How has your understanding changed since the beginning of the era? Time to revisit the EP Notebook!

Colonialism wasn’t just economic exploitation. It was about living in a world made to suit other people. W.E.B. DuBois explained this in The Souls of Black Folk.

Imperialism had very different impacts for different groups of people. These sources explore some of the justifications behind imperialism.

How did colonial subjects resist foreign control? Of course, there were vast differences, but we can get some answers by looking closely at Ghana as a case study.

Imperialism isn’t funny, but these cartoons will give you insights into the thinking of imperialists and those who rejected imperial control.

For this CCOT, you’ll look across Era 6 to find continuities and changes in order to determine their significance and write a response to a CCOT prompt.

Abolition brought to an end a large and profitable system of enslavement that stretched across the Americas and beyond. So why did abolition succeed?

The abolition of the legal enslavement of human beings seems like a huge change. But changes can sometimes hide continuities like racialized inequality and exploitation.

The Industrial Revolution created a class of people who could only get money by selling their labor. As working conditions got worse, labor movements pushed for reforms.

How do we make sense of all the “isms” we’re learning about in this course. One way to do that is to teach you about new economic “isms” with treats!

Industrial capitalism changed production and distribution on a global scale, and workers responded by fighting for their interests.

Why did ideas about childhood and child labor change in the nineteenth century. Find out by using your contextualization skills in this activity.

Industrial capitalism created great wealth for some, and low-paying, unpleasant jobs for many more. Child labor was a social problem driven by this new economy.

The fight for suffrage was different in every region of the world. Find out how achieving suffrage was both similar and different across regions in this activity.

Voting rights are often taken for granted today. Yet women had to fight hard for suffrage in a battle spread unevenly across decades and continents.

The Industrial Revolution led to rapid changes in people's lives and working conditions. In response to poor working conditions, labor movements organized alliances known as unions and pushed for reforms.

It’s time review the map predictions you made at the beginning of the era, as you examine a series of new maps to help you think about the era problem.

A full-color political map of the world in 1750 CE, highlighting the major states, communities, and cities you’ll learn about in WHP.

A full-color thematic map of Empires, Enslavement, and Revolutions in 1750 CE, meant to help you support, extend, and challenge the frame narratives.

What was it like to work in the factories of the Industrial Revolution? This simulation attempts to answer this question by having you take on different roles in a factory.

Another opportunity to show your understanding of the WHP Writing Rubric! Identify and revise a sample essay, focusing specifically on Analysis and Evidence and WHP Concepts.

So by now you know that revolution = big change. Which of the revolutions you’ve studied in this time period caused the greatest enduring change for the most people?

These DBQ writing samples provide example essays to help support writing instruction in different ways—use as you see fit in your classroom!

In this short video, Avi Benn (AKA Mary-Ann Bird) explains how poor families in England made the nails that held the British Empire together. For their hard work, nailers were cheated and paid a meager wage. Their grocery list hammers home how hard it must have been to stomach this kind of work.

You might take it for granted today, but clean water was a fantasy for most people during the Industrial Revolution. Everything from sewage to dead bodies polluted Britain’s water. In this short video, Peter Griffin explains how steam engines helped filter foreign bodies from our drinking water.

If you owned a hand-cranked washing machine in Victorian England, you were one lucky woman. If you were like most women, however, you did your washing by hand. In this short video, Avi Benn (AKA Mary-Ann Bird) plunges into the laborious—and sexist—world of Victorian clothes washing.

A respected historian described the last 250 years as the “Rise of the West.” Then 25 years later this idea was challenged. By the same historian. What changed?

Through most of the eighteenth century in Europe, kings ruled and peasants worked. But economic and intellectual movements were beginning to shake things up.

In the eighteenth century, not only did the Qing dynasty rule over a massive multi-ethnic empire, it also experienced an economic boom!

One of the largest states in the world in 1750, the Ottoman Empire was a multi-ethnic and multi-religious powerhouse but faced the challenge of a changing global economy.

The Mughal Empire produced much of the world’s long-distance trade goods in 1750, but its rulers faced enormous challenges in keeping together a vast and diverse society.

The Tokugawa Shoguns generally ruled over a stable and wealthy Japan by mixing new and old strategies and carefully managing trade and foreign relations.

Sub-Saharan Africa in 1750 was a collection of diverse communities and states. They contributed to global trade and ideas, but the Atlantic slave trade was a growing threat.

The Americas in 1750 was a period of great change. Both under European empires and independent states, people shared religions, new ideas, and products with each other.

The societies of the Pacific were a web of communities by 1750. Despite long distances and great diversity, they used sophisticated maritime technology to stay connected.

What commonalities did communities separated by vast distances share? The primary sources in this collection will help you respond to this question.

Histories of nations and nationalism is very personally relatable… if you’re a famous man. Let’s take the point of view of one of the countless women history has forgotten.

In the nineteenth century, nationalism enflamed passions all across Europe. The Prussia minister, Otto von Bismarck, used these passions to build a German nation-state.

New ideas may have provided a framework for revolution and nationalism, but there were concrete reasons why enslaved people, peasants, and the middle classes wanted change.

Slaving and slavery existed alongside capitalism. But were they rival economic systems, or did they support each other?

How did India go from producing clothing, to producing cotton? Doing business with Britain seemed like a good idea at the time, but it led to India’s de-industrialization.

In this era, people moved around a lot. Some migration was local; some was long distance. Many migrated voluntarily, but millions were forced to leave their homes.

The Shoguns provided Japan with hundreds of years of stability, but a new era required a new kind of government, one fronted by the emperor but driven by modernizers.

The Industrial Revolution, like pretty much everything else in the Long Nineteenth Century, was closely tied to the rise of capitalism as a new economic system.

Napoleon Bonaparte crowned himself Emperor of the French and conquered much of Europe. Did he end the French Revolution, or put its principles into action?

The initial resistance to colonialism in Africa often took the form of military confrontations. This article discusses three of these campaigns, which had different results.

The Berlin Conference gathered a bunch of Europeans to plot ways to divide up Africa. It may not have been the “start” of colonialism, but it sure accelerated the process.

The Industrial Revolution was about more than inventions, but we can’t ignore the innovations – and innovators – that changed the world.

So by now you know that revolution = big change. Which of the revolutions you’ve studied in this era caused the greatest enduring change for the most people?