Unit 5 Vocab Guide
UNIT 5 VOCABULARYWORLD HISTORY PROJECT 12001Key Unit VocabularyThis report provides a summary of key vocabulary for this unit. For each word, you will find the definition, part of speech, word forms (plurals/tenses), synonyms, and examples of how the word, or forms of the word, are used in a sentence.abolition•the act of doing away with something (in many instances the term refers to doing away with slavery)Part of speech:nounWord forms:abolitionistSynonyms:elimination, repeal, terminationIn a sentence:In many of Frederick Douglass' speeches, he called for the abolition of slavery.activist•one who passionately advocates for a causePart of speech:nounWord forms:activists, activism Synonyms:advocate, supporterIn a sentence:Nineteenth-century activists led the fight against low wages and poor working conditions for the workers.consumer•one who purchases goods or services; a person or thing that consumesPart of speech:nounWord forms:consumersSynonyms:buyer, customer, purchaser, userIn a sentence:The farm depended on the consumer to buy their corn to stay in business. de-industrialization (also deindustrialization)•the reduction or destruction of a nation’s or region’s industrial capacity Part of speech:nounWord forms:deindustrialize, deindustrialized Synonyms:In a sentence:The country went through de-industrialization as they began to import more manufactured goods from foreign nations.debt•something owed to another, such as money or servicesPart of speech:nounWord forms:debtsSynonyms:liability, burden, obligationIn a sentence:Your debt to the bank is now $20,000.
UNIT 5 VOCABULARYWORLD HISTORY PROJECT 12002export• to send or transport abroad, usually for sale or trade (v.); the act or practice of sending goods abroad for sale or trade (n.); of or pertaining to the sending or transporting abroad of goods for sale or trade, or to the goods that are or can be sent abroad (adj.)Part of speech:verb, noun, adjective Word forms:exports, exporting, exported Synonyms:transporting In a sentence:The country exports goods to other countries around the world.factory• a building or set of buildings where products are manufactured Part of speech:noun Word forms:factoriesSynonyms:plant, millIn a sentence:I pass by the bread factory on my way to work every morning and it always smells delicious. feminist• a person who advocates for the same social, political, and economic rights for women as for menPart of speech:noun, adjectiveWord forms:feminists, feminism Synonyms:In a sentence:The feminist movement advocates for equal pay for women. fossil fuel• any carbon-containing fuel formed from the remains of prehistoric plants and animals, such as coal, petroleum, and natural gasPart of speech:noun Word forms:fossil fuelsSynonyms:energy source, fuelIn a sentence:The burning of fossil fuels has been directly linked to climate change. gender• the biological and/or cultural and psychological characteristics that are associated with different sexesPart of speech:nounWord forms:gendersSynonyms:sex, identityIn a sentence:The hiring guidelines are designed to reduce discrimination based on gender.
UNIT 5 VOCABULARYWORLD HISTORY PROJECT 12003industrial capitalist• a person who advocates for an economic system in which industry, trade, and capital are all privately owned and operated for profitPart of speech:nounWord forms:industrial capitalistsSynonyms:capitalistIn a sentence:The industrial capitalists wanted Congress to pass an act to reduce government regulations on businesses and trade practices.Industrial Revolution• a complex mix of economic and social changes caused by the shift of production from hand or physical labor at home or in small workshops to mechanized systems in large factories, as in the weaving of textiles, especially in England in the eighteenth centuryPart of speech:proper noun Word forms:Synonyms:In a sentence:The Industrial Revolution brought about enormous changes including the creation of factories, machines, railroads, and steamships.industrialization• the process of introducing industry into a country, region, or the like, usually on a widespread scalePart of speech:noun Word forms:industrializes, industrializing, industrializedSynonyms:In a sentence:Industrialization in nineteenth-century Britain dramatically changed the ways people worked and lived.innovation• a new method, approach, idea, or the likePart of speech:noun Word forms:innovations, innovative, innovatorSynonyms:originality, inventionIn a sentence:Major tech companies are known as hubs of innovation, where new technology and software are born.locomotion• the act of moving or the power to move from one place to anotherPart of speech:noun Word forms:locomotiveSynonyms:movement, activity, travelIn a sentence:The steam engine and the creation of railways led to the revolutionary beginning of mechanical locomotion.
UNIT 5 VOCABULARYWORLD HISTORY PROJECT 12004manufacturing• the process or business of producing a large quantity of products, often from raw materials, using machines and human laborPart of speech:noun Word forms:manufacturer, manufacture, manufacturing, manufacturedSynonyms:production, construction, assemblyIn a sentence:Many jobs in manufacturing were lost last year, when a large car maker had to close down.middle class• the social class between the very rich or the aristocracy and lower-class laborers, that includes business people, professionals, farmers, skilled workers, and the likePart of speech:noun Word forms:Synonyms:bourgeoisieIn a sentence:Most Americans view themselves as being a part of the middle class, neither poor nor rich.patent• a government grant to an inventor, giving for a specified period of time the exclusive right to make, use, or sell an invented device, process, or the likePart of speech:noun Word forms:patentsSynonyms:copyright, permit, license In a sentence:The inventor has applied for a patent. patriarchal• a cultural, social, or governmental system in which men hold most societal power Part of speech:adjectiveWord forms:patriarchySynonyms:In a sentence:In their patriarchal society, women had limited rights and no voice in government.proletariat• the working class, especially those that lack capital and must sell their usually unskilled labor in order to survivePart of speech:nounWord forms:Synonyms:working classIn a sentence:The revolutionaries declared that factories and other means of production should be handed over to the proletariat.
UNIT 5 VOCABULARYWORLD HISTORY PROJECT 12005reform• verb: to improve or enhance through moderate change; noun: the improvement of wrong or bad conditions, especially by political meansPart of speech:verb, nounWord forms:reforms, reforming, reformedSynonyms:improve, amend, change, enhance, reclaim, reorganizeIn a sentence:They chose to reform their agreement rather than cancel it. sepoy• in India, formerly, a native soldier who served in a European army, especially the British army Part of speech:noun Word forms:sepoys Synonyms:soldier In a sentence:Many indigenous men from India were given military training to become sepoys in British-controlled India.socialism• a political or economic theory in which community members own all property, resources, and the means of production, and control the distribution of goods.Part of speech:nounWord forms:socialist, socialists Synonyms:In a sentence:Individuals who think community members should own and control property, production, and distribution prescribe to socialism. steam engine• an engine in which pressurized steam supplies mechanical energy, usually by moving a piston in a closed cylinderPart of speech:noun Word forms:steam enginesSynonyms:In a sentence:Many historians consider the steam engine to be a critical invention in the early ages of the Industrial Revolution.suffrage• the right to vote in a political election Part of speech:nounWord forms:suffragist, suffragetteSynonyms:voting rightsIn a sentence:Some states imposed obstacles to restrict the suffrage of African-Americans.
UNIT 5 VOCABULARYWORLD HISTORY PROJECT 12006tariff• a government tax on imports or exports, or a rate or schedule of such taxes; duty Part of speech:noun Word forms:tariffs, tariffing, tariffedSynonyms:tax, dutyIn a sentence:The president is threatening to impose extreme tariffs if the country refuses to honor the peace treaty.textile• a woven or knitted fabric; a fiber or yarn that can be woven or knittedPart of speech:noun Word forms:textilesSynonyms:fabric, yarn, clothIn a sentence:Many of our textiles today are manufactured in Asian nations such as India, Bangladesh, and Vietnam.