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Unit 3 Vocab Guide

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UNIT 3 VOCABULARYWORLD HISTORY PROJECT 17501Key Unit VocabularyThis report provides a summary of key vocabulary for this unit. For each word, you will find the definition, part of speech, word forms (plurals/tenses), synonyms, and examples of how the word, or forms of the word, are used in a sentence.commodity• something with a practical use or value; a product, as opposed to a service, that can be bought and sold, especially an agricultural or mining productPart of speech:nounWord forms:commoditiesSynonyms:asset, goodIn a sentence:The farmer grew a commodity that consumers wanted to purchase. de-industrialization (also deindustrialization)• the reduction or destruction of a nation’s or region’s industrial capacityPart of speech:nounWord forms:deindustrialize, deindustrialized Synonyms:In a sentence:The country went through de-industrialization as they began to import more manufactured goods from foreign nations.debt• something owed to another, such as money or servicesPart of speech:nounWord forms:debtsSynonyms:liability, burden, obligationIn a sentence:Your debt to the bank is now $20,000.export• to send or transport abroad, usually for sale or trade (v.); the act or practice of sending goods abroad for sale or trade (n.); of or pertaining to the sending or transporting abroad of goods for sale or trade, or to the goods that are or can be sent abroad (adj.)Part of speech:verb, noun, adjective Word forms:exports, exporting, exported Synonyms:transporting In a sentence:The country exports goods to other countries around the world.
UNIT 3 VOCABULARYWORLD HISTORY PROJECT 17502factory• a building or set of buildings where products are manufacturedPart of speech:noun Word forms:factoriesSynonyms:plant, millIn a sentence:I pass by the bread factory on my way to work every morning and it always smells delicious. famine• an extreme and widespread shortage of food Part of speech:noun Word forms:faminesSynonyms:starvation In a sentence:The region was facing famine after a poor harvest. fossil fuel• any carbon-containing fuel formed from the remains of prehistoric plants and animals, such as coal, petroleum, and natural gasPart of speech:noun Word forms:fossil fuelsSynonyms:energy source, fuelIn a sentence:The burning of fossil fuels has been directly linked to climate change. Industrial Revolution• a complex mix of economic and social changes caused by the shift of production from hand or physical labor at home or in small workshops to mechanized systems in large factories, as in the weaving of textiles, especially in England in the eighteenth centuryPart of speech:proper noun Word forms:Synonyms:In a sentence:The Industrial Revolution brought about enormous changes including the creation of factories, machines, railroads, and steamships.industrialization• the process of introducing industry into a country, region, or the like, usually on a widespread scalePart of speech:noun Word forms:industrializes, industrializing, industrializedSynonyms:In a sentence:Industrialization in nineteenth-century Britain dramatically changed the ways people worked and lived.
UNIT 3 VOCABULARYWORLD HISTORY PROJECT 17503innovation• a new method, approach, idea, or the likePart of speech:noun Word forms:innovations, innovative, innovatorSynonyms:originality, inventionIn a sentence:Major tech companies are known as hubs of innovation, where new technology and software are born.locomotion• the act of moving or the power to move from one place to anotherPart of speech:noun Word forms:locomotiveSynonyms:movement, activity, travelIn a sentence:The steam engine and the creation of railways led to the revolutionary beginning of mechanical locomotion.manufacturing• the process or business of producing a large quantity of products, often from raw materials, using machines and human laborPart of speech:noun Word forms:manufacturer, manufacture, manufacturing, manufacturedSynonyms:production, construction, assemblyIn a sentence:Many jobs in manufacturing were lost last year, when a large car maker had to close down.middle class• the social class between the very rich or the aristocracy and lower-class laborers, that includes business people, professionals, farmers, skilled workers, and the likePart of speech:noun Word forms:Synonyms:bourgeoisieIn a sentence:Most Americans view themselves as being a part of the middle class, neither poor nor rich.patent• a government grant to an inventor, giving for a specified period of time the exclusive right to make, use, or sell an invented device, process, or the likePart of speech:noun Word forms:patentsSynonyms:copyright, permit, license In a sentence:The inventor has applied for a patent.
UNIT 3 VOCABULARYWORLD HISTORY PROJECT 17504sepoy• in India, formerly, a native soldier who served in a European army, especially the British army Part of speech:noun Word forms:sepoys Synonyms:soldier In a sentence:Many indigenous men from India were given military training to become sepoys in British-controlled India.standardization• the process of causing someone or something to conform to a standardPart of speech:noun Word forms:standard, standardizeSynonyms:regulate, conformIn a sentence:Our goal of moving toward the standardization of all assessments will ensure that the same concepts are being tested in all the schools.steam engine• an engine in which pressurized steam supplies mechanical energy, usually by moving a piston in a closed cylinderPart of speech:noun Word forms:steam enginesSynonyms:In a sentence:Many historians consider the steam engine to be a critical invention in the early ages of the Industrial Revolution.tariff• a government tax on imports or exports, or a rate or schedule of such taxes; dutyPart of speech:noun Word forms:tariffs, tariffing, tariffedSynonyms:tax, dutyIn a sentence:The president is threatening to impose extreme tariffs if the country refuses to honor the peace treaty.textile• a woven or knitted fabric; a fiber or yarn that can be woven or knittedPart of speech:noun Word forms:textilesSynonyms:fabric, yarn, clothIn a sentence:Many of our textiles today are manufactured in Asian nations such as India, Bangladesh, and Vietnam.
UNIT 3 VOCABULARYWORLD HISTORY PROJECT 17505transformation• a significant change in the form, structure, character, or nature of something or someonePart of speech:noun Word forms:transformations, transformationalSynonyms:alteration, change, reconfigurationIn a sentence:The restaurant's transformation from a small business into a multimillion, transnational corporation was the result of the owner's hard work and determination.