Unit 8 Vocab Guide
OER PROJECT: WH ORIGINSUNIT 8 VOCAB GUIDE1Unless otherwise noted, this work is licensed under CC BY 4.0. Credit: “World History OriginsVocab Guide”, OER Project, www.oerproject.com/Lesson 8.1authoritarianismDefinition a system of ruling that advocates for complete obedience or subjection to authority, especially political authority, without concern for individual rightsPart of speechnounUse in sentenceWithout access to non-governmental newspapers, the citizens living under authoritarianism could not learn much about international affairs.civilianDefinition aperson who is not serving in the military or the policePart of speechnounUse in sentenceIn addition to military personnel, many civilians were killed during the bombings. fascism Definition a system of government characterized by strong, often dictatorial control of political and economic affairs, and often by warlike nationalism and brutal suppression of political dissidents and ethnic minoritiesPart of speechnounUse in sentenceThe Nazi's wanted to spread fascism and rule the world.genocideDefinition the intentional attempt to exterminate all members of a certain race, nationality, or ethnic groupPart of speechnounUse in sentenceIn Rwanda, there was a mass genocide against a minority group.
OER PROJECT: WH ORIGINSUNIT 8 VOCAB GUIDE2Unless otherwise noted, this work is licensed under CC BY 4.0. Credit: “World History OriginsVocab Guide”, OER Project, www.oerproject.com/Great DepressionDefinition thedecade of the 1930s in the United States and other countries, characterized by the extreme economic hardship; the DepressionPart of speechpropernounUse in sentenceThe Great Depression was a time of bankruptcy and hardships for the citizens of many countries trying to recover from the war. pacifismDefinition refusalto use or acknowledge violence as a means for settling disputesPart of speechnounUse in sentenceThe gang members had no regard for pacifism—they settled all conflicts with violence. Lesson 8.2allianceDefinition a mutually beneficial relationship between two nations forged to further common interests or prevent attack from common enemiesPart of speechnounUse in sentenceThe two nations formed an alliance in hopes of defeating their common enemy in war.assassinationDefinition the deliberate killing of a prominent or important person, often for political or ideological reasonsPart of speechnounUse in sentenceThe assassination of the new president left the country vulnerable to groups vying for control of the government.
OER PROJECT: WH ORIGINSUNIT 8 VOCAB GUIDE3Unless otherwise noted, this work is licensed under CC BY 4.0. Credit: “World History OriginsVocab Guide”, OER Project, www.oerproject.com/ethnicDefinition of or related to a large group of people who share a distinctive culture, language, or religion, or who are of the same race or national heritagePart of speechadjectiveUse in sentenceJapanese and Chinese immigrants made up two of Hawaii's major ethnic groups in 1900.mobilizationDefinition the act of assembling, organizing, or adapting (industries, supplies, facilities, or the like) for immediate use or service in times of war or states of emergency; the act of assembling and preparing (troops or the like) for active military duty or service to a countryPart of speechnounUse in sentenceThe nation ordered troop mobilization to prepare for the upcoming battle.nationalismDefinition the idea that citizens of a country are part of something bigger than themselves and that they are loyal to a set of national ideals and practicesPart of speechnounUse in sentenceA wave of nationalism swept the country after its citizens were attacked.propaganda Definition information or statements of opinion that are deliberately circulated among the public in order to persuade the population to accept a particular point of view, especially one in favor of or opposed to a particular movement, cause, or doctrinePart of speechnoun
OER PROJECT: WH ORIGINSUNIT 8 VOCAB GUIDE4Unless otherwise noted, this work is licensed under CC BY 4.0. Credit: “World History OriginsVocab Guide”, OER Project, www.oerproject.com/Use in sentenceThe government spread propaganda to convince people of the threat from foreign enemies.total warDefinition global war in which all warring nationsmobilize for the war effort including soldier and civilian populations, who are both participants and targets; usually defined as meeting four criteria: mobilization, blurring of lines between citizen and civilian, total control of society, and rejection of a compromise peacePart of speechnounUse in sentenceWorld War I was an example of total war.Lesson 8.3caliphateDefinition the community a caliph (Muslim spiritual and political leader) rules, or the period of time when they rule itPart of speechnounUse in sentenceAs Islam spread throughout Afro-Eurasia in the seventh century CE, a new political structure called the caliphate emerged.conscriptionDefinition compulsory enrollment in military servicePart of speechnounUse in sentenceThe men became soldiers through conscription.mutinyDefinition openrebellion of subordinates against their established leaders, especially of military personnel against their superior officersPart of speechnounUse in sentenceThe ship’s officers were arrested for mutiny and court-martialed.
OER PROJECT: WH ORIGINSUNIT 8 VOCAB GUIDE5Unless otherwise noted, this work is licensed under CC BY 4.0. Credit: “World History OriginsVocab Guide”, OER Project, www.oerproject.com/neutralityDefinition the foreign policy of a nation that refuses to take sides in an international disputePart of speechnoun/adjectiveUse in sentenceSweden adopted neutrality in the early 1800s, and its military did not participate in either of the two world wars. trenchDefinition a deep, narrow excavation or furrowPart of speechnoun/verbUse in sentenceThe deep-seatrench ran along the center of the ocean.Lesson 8.4BolsheviksDefinition a member of the majority faction of the Russian political party that seized power in 1917 and formed the Communist party in the Soviet UnionPart of speechproper nounUse in sentenceThe Bolsheviks wanted to revolt against the Russian government instead of waiting for reform to happen over time.containmentDefinition a government policy, enacted in a variety of ways, that is intended to curb the territorial growth, economic expansion, or ideological influence of a hostile nation, in particular communist nationsPart of speechnounUse in sentenceUnder the policy of containment, the United States tried to extend its sphere of influence in order to curb the spread of communism.
OER PROJECT: WH ORIGINSUNIT 8 VOCAB GUIDE6Unless otherwise noted, this work is licensed under CC BY 4.0. Credit: “World History OriginsVocab Guide”, OER Project, www.oerproject.com/constitutionDefinition theset of basic laws and principles by which a nation, state, or other organization is governedPart of speechnounUse in sentenceThey were forced to change the club’s constitutionso women could join. genocideDefinition the intentional attempt to exterminate all members of a certain race, nationality, or ethnic groupPart of speechnounUse in sentenceIn Rwanda, there was a mass genocide against a minority group.nationalizationDefinition theact of bringing under government ownership or controlPart of speechnounUse in sentenceThe nationalization of several banks in Poland created an uproar among conservatives. revolutionDefinition a drastic and far-reaching change in ways of thinking and behavingPart of speechnounUse in sentenceThe achievements of the Scientific Revolution and the technological advances that preceded it were very important. treatyDefinition aformal agreement between two or more countriesPart of speechnounUse in sentenceThe two nations signed a treaty to settle their dispute.
OER PROJECT: WH ORIGINSUNIT 8 VOCAB GUIDE7Unless otherwise noted, this work is licensed under CC BY 4.0. Credit: “World History OriginsVocab Guide”, OER Project, www.oerproject.com/Lesson 8.5authoritarianismDefinition a system of ruling that advocates for complete obedience or subjection to authority, especially political authority, without concern for individual rightsPart of speechnounUse in sentenceWithout access to non-governmental newspapers, the citizens living under authoritarianism could not learn much about international affairs.communismDefinition the theory of a classless social system in which all property and means of production are owned in common; socialist theory deriving from the works of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels and adopted by the Soviet UnionPart of speechnounUse in sentenceChina adopted communism as their political and economic system in 1949.fascism Definition a system of government characterized by strong, often dictatorial control of political and economic affairs, and often by warlike nationalism and brutal suppression of political dissidents and ethnic minoritiesPart of speechnounUse in sentenceThe Nazi's wanted to spread fascism and rule the world.Great DepressionDefinition thedecade of the 1930s in the United States and other countries, characterized by the extreme economic hardship; the DepressionPart of speechpropernoun
OER PROJECT: WH ORIGINSUNIT 8 VOCAB GUIDE8Unless otherwise noted, this work is licensed under CC BY 4.0. Credit: “World History OriginsVocab Guide”, OER Project, www.oerproject.com/Use in sentenceThe Great Depression was a time of bankruptcy and hardships for the citizens of many countries trying to recover from the war. internationalismDefinition the principle or policy of international cooperation, especially economic and governmentalPart of speechnounUse in sentenceInternationalism ideas were key to the success of the Allies.isolationismDefinition agovernment policythatattempts to isolatea nation from the influence and affairs of other nationsPart of speechnounUse in sentenceAfter World War I, the United States instituted a policy of isolationism to avoid getting involved in another global war. nationalizationDefinition theact of bringing under government ownership or controlPart of speechnounUse in sentenceThe nationalization of several banks in Poland created an uproar among conservatives. totalitarianismDefinition asystem of government in which a single leader or party has complete control over all aspects of lifePart of speechnounUse in sentenceJoseph Stalin and his totalitarian communist government in the Soviet Union censored all forms of communication.
OER PROJECT: WH ORIGINSUNIT 8 VOCAB GUIDE9Unless otherwise noted, this work is licensed under CC BY 4.0. Credit: “World History OriginsVocab Guide”, OER Project, www.oerproject.com/Lesson 8.6 antisemitismDefinition prejudice, discrimination, or hostility toward JewsPart of speechnounUse in sentenceThe genocide of the Holocaust was largely motivated by the Nazi's antisemitism.appeasement Definition a political strategy or policy that favors conflict avoidance, attemptingto bring about a state of peace, quiet, ease, or calm Part of speechnounUse in sentenceAfter World War I, many citizens approved of Chamberlain's acts of appeasement, hoping to satisfy Hitler and prevent another war.campaignDefinition asystematic, concerted set of activities undertaken for a particular purpose Part of speechnoun/verbUse in sentenceThey’re on a campaign to raise money for the Red Cross.mobilizationDefinition the act of assembling, organizing, or adapting (industries, supplies, facilities, or the like) for immediate use or service in times of war or states of emergency; the act of assembling and preparing (troops or the like) for active military duty or service to a countryPart of speechnounUse in sentenceThe nation ordered troop mobilization to prepare for the upcoming battle.
OER PROJECT: WH ORIGINSUNIT 8 VOCAB GUIDE10Unless otherwise noted, this work is licensed under CC BY 4.0. Credit: “World History OriginsVocab Guide”, OER Project, www.oerproject.com/pacifismDefinition refusalto use or acknowledge violence as a means for settling disputesPart of speechnounUse in sentenceThe gang members had no regard for pacifism—they settled all conflicts with violence. total warDefinition global war in which all warring nationsmobilize for the war effort including soldier and civilian populations, who are both participants and targets; usually defined as meeting four criteria: mobilization, blurring of lines between citizen and civilian, total control of society, and rejection of a compromise peacePart of speechnounUse in sentenceWorld War I was an example of total war.Lesson 8.7 antisemitismDefinition prejudice, discrimination, or hostility toward JewsPart of speechnounUse in sentenceThe genocide of the Holocaust was largely motivated by the Nazi's antisemitism.concentration campDefinition a prison camp in which large numbers of political prisoners, aliens, or those considered undesirable are confined and sometimes executedPart of speechnounUse in sentenceDuring the 1940s, Japanese Americans on the West coast were forced into concentration camps by the US military.
OER PROJECT: WH ORIGINSUNIT 8 VOCAB GUIDE11Unless otherwise noted, this work is licensed under CC BY 4.0. Credit: “World History OriginsVocab Guide”, OER Project, www.oerproject.com/ethnicityDefinition the condition of being a member of an ethnic group or sharing its traitsPart of speechnounUse in sentenceOne’s ethnicity cannot be used to deny someonethe right to work or housing in the United States. eugenicsDefinition the study of or belief in the genetic improvement of the human race through control of breedingPart of speechnounUse in sentenceEugenics is a dangerous philosophy because it leads to extreme discrimination and cruelty, like in the Holocaust.sterilizationDefinition the act of rendering unable to reproduce, as by removing or damaging the reproductive organsPart of speechnounUse in sentenceThe involuntary sterilization of people of color was a cruel and oppressive act.Lesson 8.8 containmentDefinition a government policy, enacted in a variety of ways, that is intended to curb the territorial growth, economic expansion, or ideological influence of a hostile nation, in particular communist nationsPart of speechnounUse in sentenceUnder the policy of containment, the United States tried to extend its sphere of influence in order to curb the spread of communism.
OER PROJECT: WH ORIGINSUNIT 8 VOCAB GUIDE12Unless otherwise noted, this work is licensed under CC BY 4.0. Credit: “World History OriginsVocab Guide”, OER Project, www.oerproject.com/ideologyDefinition the body of beliefs, symbols, and political and social aims that characterizes a particular group or institutionPart of speechnounUse in sentenceAll aspects of our lives were influenced by Catholic ideology.nuclearDefinition of or having atomic or hydrogen bombsPart of speechadjectiveUse in sentenceThe threat of nuclear war terrified people across the world during the 1960s.proliferationDefinition theact or process of spreading quicklyPart of speechnounUse in sentenceThe leaders signed a treaty to prevent the proliferation of nuclear weapons. superpowerDefinition a country with great international power and influence, especially one that dominates the affairs of other countriesPart of speechnounUse in sentenceGlobal superpowers during the Cold War included the United States and the USSR. Lesson 8.9 decolonizationDefinition the process or act of freeing a colony or eliminating colonialismPart of speechnoun
OER PROJECT: WH ORIGINSUNIT 8 VOCAB GUIDE13Unless otherwise noted, this work is licensed under CC BY 4.0. Credit: “World History OriginsVocab Guide”, OER Project, www.oerproject.com/Use in sentenceThe decolonization process left many previous colonies in shambles, due to economic dependence and arbitrary borders made by colonizers.dependencyDefinition the condition of relying on another for help or supportPart of speechnounUse in sentenceThe baby bird’s dependency on their parents for food required them to stay in the nest at all times. ideologyDefinition the body of beliefs, symbols, and political and social aims that characterizes a particular group or institutionPart of speechnounUse in sentenceAll aspects of our lives were influenced by Catholic ideology.nationalist Definition an advocate of nationalism; a follower of a political movement that favors national government and resistance against foreign domination or interferencePart of speechnoun/adjectiveUse in sentenceShe was a staunch nationalist who favored any policy that would give the country more power in the international arenanon-violence Definition the policy or practice of refusing to use violent means to pursue political or social aimsPart of speechnounUse in sentenceOne of Gandhi's main principles was nonviolence.
OER PROJECT: WH ORIGINSUNIT 8 VOCAB GUIDE14Unless otherwise noted, this work is licensed under CC BY 4.0. Credit: “World History OriginsVocab Guide”, OER Project, www.oerproject.com/partitionDefinition to divide into parts or sectionsPart of speechverb/nounUse in sentenceThe farmer partitioned the field into several smaller plots.