AP U4 Vocab Guide
OER PROJECT:WH APUNIT 4VOCAB GUIDEUnless otherwise noted, this work is licensed under CC BY 4.0. Credit: “World History AP Vocab Guide”, OER Project, www.oerproject.com/1Lesson 4.0demographicDefini&on a way to describe a group of people based on things like their age, gender, income, educa8on, or where they livePart of speechnounUse in sentenceDemographic informa8on helps adver8sers decide the best places to adver8se.ecologicalDefini&on of or rela8ng to the science of ecology, or the study of living organisms and their environmentPart of speechadjec8veUse in sentenceScien8sts study ecological rela8onships to understand how species depend on each other and their environment.enslaveDefini&on to force another person into slavery or to be in a condi8on of bondagePart of speechverbUse in sentenceThe Romans enslaved thousands of people, with many being owned by the state to work in agricultural and mining industries.exchangeDefini&on the act of giving something in return for something receivedPart of speechverb/nounUse in sentenceInternal respira8on is the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide within the body of an animal.indigenousDefini&on having origin in a country or locality; na8ve
OER PROJECT:WH APUNIT 4VOCAB GUIDEUnless otherwise noted, this work is licensed under CC BY 4.0. Credit: “World History AP Vocab Guide”, OER Project, www.oerproject.com/2Part of speechadjec8veUse in sentenceThe Indigenous people of Hawaii suffered from illnesses brought by missionaries and other seFlers.Lesson 4.1astrolabeDefini&on naviga8onal tools used by sailors to determine la8tude by measuring the al8tude of the Sun or stars above the horizonPart of speechnounUse in sentenceEven though the ship was blown off course, the sailors could s8ll use their astrolabe to determine their loca8on.caravelDefini&on a small, fast sailing ship developed by the Portuguese in the 1400s, used for explora8onPart of speechnounUse in sentenceExplorers sailed across the ocean in a caravel.carrackDefini&on a large sailing ship developed in Europe in the fourteenth and fiNeenth centuries, used for explora8onPart of speechnounUse in sentenceOne of the ships that accompanied Christopher Columbus on his voyages to the Americas was a carrack.compassDefini&on anaviga8onal device that uses a magne8c needleand shows the cardinal direc8onsPart of speechnoun/verb
OER PROJECT:WH APUNIT 4VOCAB GUIDEUnless otherwise noted, this work is licensed under CC BY 4.0. Credit: “World History AP Vocab Guide”, OER Project, www.oerproject.com/3Use in sentenceThe hiker used her compass to find her way out of the mountains.innovationDefini&on a new method, approach, or ideaPart of speechnounUse in sentenceThanks to the innova8on of the Wright brothers, we have aircraN that allow us to travel swiNly and safely today.lateen sailDefini&on a triangular sail on an angled pole; allowed ships to sail more easily against the windPart of speechnounUse in sentenceThe improvement of lateen sails made ships more maneuverable.Lesson 4.2indigenousDefini&on having origin in a country or locality; na8vePart of speechadjec8veUse in sentenceThe Indigenous people of Hawaii suffered from illnesses brought by missionaries and other seFlers.joint-stock companyDefini&on a business in which investors share ownership by buying stock and share both the profits and risks of doing businessPart of speechnounUse in sentenceDuring the Industrial Revolu8on, entrepreneurs oNen formed a joint-stock company to pool money for building railroads and factories.
OER PROJECT:WH APUNIT 4VOCAB GUIDEUnless otherwise noted, this work is licensed under CC BY 4.0. Credit: “World History AP Vocab Guide”, OER Project, www.oerproject.com/4navigationDefini&on process of determining one’s posi8on to plan and follow a routePart of speechnounUse in sentenceBefore advanced technology, sailors planned and followed routes using celes8al naviga8on.plantationDefini&on a large estate used for cul8va8ng commercial crops such as rubber, tea, coFon, or coffeePart of speechnounUse in sentenceThis area of the island supports a number of coffee planta8ons.Lesson 4.3cash cropDefini&on a crop that is produced to be sold somewhere else, rather than consumed locallyPart of speechnounUse in sentenceImperialists forced local communi8es to change their fields from food crops to cash crops in an aFempt to increase profits.demographicDefini&on a way to describe a group of people based on things like their age, gender, income, educa8on, or where they livePart of speechnounUse in sentenceDemographic informa8on helps adver8sers decide the best places to adver8se.enslaveDefini&on to force another person into slavery or to be in a condi8on of bondage
OER PROJECT:WH APUNIT 4VOCAB GUIDEUnless otherwise noted, this work is licensed under CC BY 4.0. Credit: “World History AP Vocab Guide”, OER Project, www.oerproject.com/5Part of speechverbUse in sentenceThe Romans enslaved thousands of people, with many being owned by the state to work in agricultural and mining industries.epidemicDefini&on an outbreak, usually of disease, that spreads rapidly, afflic8ng many individualsPart of speechnounUse in sentenceThe Ebola epidemic caused both major loss of life and significant socioeconomic disrup8on in West Africa.indigenousDefini&on having origin in a country or locality; na8vePart of speechadjec8veUse in sentenceThe Indigenous people of Hawaii suffered from illnesses brought by missionaries and other seFlers.plantation systemDefini&on a capitalist economic system dependent on enslaved laborPart of speechnounUse in sentenceThe planta8on system in America forced enslaved people to endure harsh condi8ons.staple cropDefini&on a main food crop that is grown in large amounts and is important for survivalPart of speechnounUse in sentenceCorn was a staple crop for many Na8ve American groups.
OER PROJECT:WH APUNIT 4VOCAB GUIDEUnless otherwise noted, this work is licensed under CC BY 4.0. Credit: “World History AP Vocab Guide”, OER Project, www.oerproject.com/6Lesson 4.4commercialDefini&on of or rela8ng to trade or businessPart of speechadjec8veUse in sentenceOur offices are in the commercial district.cosmopolitanDefini&on diverse and open to different cultures and ideasPart of speechadjec8veUse in sentenceAncient Alexandria was a cosmopolitan city where Egyp8ans, Greeks, Jews, and others lived and shared ideas.enslavementDefini&on the state of being a slave or being in a condi8on of bondagePart of speechverbUse in sentenceThe horrifying mass enslavement of imported Africans was the basis of the American agricultural economy for over a century.indigenousDefini&on having origin in a country or locality; na8vePart of speechadjec8veUse in sentenceThe Indigenous people of Hawaii suffered from illnesses brought by missionaries and other seFlers.joint-stock companyDefini&on a business in which investors share ownership by buying stock and share both the profits and risks of doing businessPart of speechnoun
OER PROJECT:WH APUNIT 4VOCAB GUIDEUnless otherwise noted, this work is licensed under CC BY 4.0. Credit: “World History AP Vocab Guide”, OER Project, www.oerproject.com/7Use in sentenceDuring the Industrial Revolu8on, entrepreneurs oNen formed a joint-stock company to pool money for building railroads and factories.maritimeDefini&on of or concerning seagoing vessels, or intended for use in naviga8on at seaPart of speechadjec8veUse in sentenceShip captains must obey mari8me laws.plantation systemDefini&on a capitalist economic system dependent on enslaved laborPart of speechnounUse in sentenceThe planta8on system in America forced enslaved people to endure harsh condi8ons.Lesson 4.5capitalismDefini&on a compe88ve economic system in which products and produc8on means are owned by individuals or private groupsPart of speechnounUse in sentenceMarx argued that capitalism was the key feature of the modern world butcreated such profound inequality that it would eventually have to be abolished in a future socialist society.commodityDefini&on something with a prac8cal use or valuePart of speechnounUse in sentenceFer8le land and drinkable water have always been precious commodi8es.
OER PROJECT:WH APUNIT 4VOCAB GUIDEUnless otherwise noted, this work is licensed under CC BY 4.0. Credit: “World History AP Vocab Guide”, OER Project, www.oerproject.com/8indigenousDefini&on having origin in a country or locality; na8vePart of speechadjec8veUse in sentenceThe Indigenous people of Hawaii suffered from illnesses brought by missionaries and other seFlers.joint-stock companyDefini&on a business in which investors share ownership by buying stock and share both the profits and risks of doing businessPart of speechnounUse in sentenceDuring the Industrial Revolu8on, entrepreneurs oNen formed a joint-stock company to pool money for building railroads and factories.mercantilismDefini&on the doctrine, developed in the West aNer the decline of feudalism, that a na8on's economy could be strengthened by governmental protec8on of home industries, by increased foreign exports, and by accumula8ng gold and silverPart of speechnounUse in sentenceEngland developed many colonies under the economic policy of mercan8lism in order to increase its trading territory.Lesson 4.6administra9onDefini&on the process of controlling or managing a business or organiza8on; governmentPart of speechnounUse in sentenceThe administra8on of the colonies was controlled by the colonizing na8on.
OER PROJECT:WH APUNIT 4VOCAB GUIDEUnless otherwise noted, this work is licensed under CC BY 4.0. Credit: “World History AP Vocab Guide”, OER Project, www.oerproject.com/9colonizationDefini&on the act or process of forming colonies (territories governed by a distant country, oNen occupied by a number of ci8zens of that country)Part of speechnounUse in sentenceEuropean coloniza8on of the Americas occurred aNer Columbus journeyed there in 1492.commodityDefini&on something with a prac8cal use or valuePart of speechnounUse in sentenceFer8le land and drinkable water have always been precious commodi8es.enslaveDefini&on to force another person into slavery or to be in a condi8on of bondagePart of speechverbUse in sentenceThe Romans enslaved thousands of people, with many being owned by the state to work in agricultural and mining industries.mercantilismDefini&on the doctrine, developed in the West aNer the decline of feudalism, that a na8on's economy could be strengthened by governmental protec8on of home industries, by increased foreign exports, and by accumula8ng gold and silverPart of speechnounUse in sentenceEngland developed many colonies under the economic policy of mercan8lism in order to increase its trading territory.Lesson 4.7capitalism
OER PROJECT:WH APUNIT 4VOCAB GUIDEUnless otherwise noted, this work is licensed under CC BY 4.0. Credit: “World History AP Vocab Guide”, OER Project, www.oerproject.com/10Defini&on a compe88ve economic system in which products and produc8on means are owned by individuals or private groupsPart of speechnounUse in sentenceMarx argued that capitalism was the key feature of the modern world butcreated such profound inequality that it would eventually have to be abolished in a future socialist society.commodityDefini&on something with a prac8cal use or valuePart of speechnounUse in sentenceFer8le land and drinkable water have always been precious commodi8es.economicDefini&on of or pertaining to the produc8on and distribu8on of goods, wealth, and servicesPart of speechadjec8veUse in sentenceWomen’s economic posi8on improved during World War II, as they took over jobs previously held by men.enslaveDefini&on to force another person into slavery or to be in a condi8on of bondagePart of speechverbUse in sentenceThe Romans enslaved thousands of people, with many being owned by the state to work in agricultural and mining industries.indentured servantDefini&on a person who is compelled by law to work for an employer for a defined termPart of speechnoun
OER PROJECT:WH APUNIT 4VOCAB GUIDEUnless otherwise noted, this work is licensed under CC BY 4.0. Credit: “World History AP Vocab Guide”, OER Project, www.oerproject.com/11Use in sentenceShe originally came to the colonies as an indentured servant butran away before the end of her contract.plantation systemDefini&on a capitalist economic system dependent on enslaved laborPart of speechnounUse in sentenceThe planta8on system in America forced enslaved people to endure harsh condi8ons.resistanceDefini&on the act of refusing to comply with something, or the act of ac8ng to prevent or counter somethingPart of speechnounUse in sentenceResistance to colonialism took many different forms, from violence to quite noncoopera8on.Lesson 4.8bureaucratDefini&on an official in a government office, especially one who follows rules and rou8nes rather than personal judgmentPart of speechnounUse in sentenceThe government bureaucrat hosted a public forum to hear from ci8zens about how the new healthcare law could affect them.commodityDefini&on something with a prac8cal use or valuePart of speechnounUse in sentenceFer8le land and drinkable water have always been precious commodi8es.
OER PROJECT:WH APUNIT 4VOCAB GUIDEUnless otherwise noted, this work is licensed under CC BY 4.0. Credit: “World History AP Vocab Guide”, OER Project, www.oerproject.com/12exportDefini&on the act or prac8ce of sending goods abroad for sale or tradePart of speechnoun/verbUse in sentenceThe export of tex8les and coFon was important to the Indian economy.laborDefini&on the expenditure of physical and mental effort in the performance of workPart of speechnoun/verbUse in sentenceClearing the land for farming required vast amounts of labor.