In response to changing economic conditions and new ideas about sovereignty, people revolted against old political systems and created new ones.

How did the new communities that emerged in the long nineteenth century help lead to the political system we have in the world today?

The emergence of the nation-state dramatically changed the kinds of communities in which people lived, but empires and other kinds of states remained important.

Orient yourself in time and space as you begin Unit 4, by using maps to make predictions about the revolutions of the long nineteenth century.

A full-color political map of the world in 1750 CE, highlighting the major states, communities, and cities you’ll learn about in WHP.

A black and white version of the world in 1750 CE, that can be cropped to specific regions and easily printed.

An individualized tracker for new words encountered in Unit 4. Add to it as the unit progresses.

In Unit 4, continue the routine of building a class word wall, an important visual cue and literacy support.

This vocab guide provides a summary of the key vocabulary for the unit.

Vocab cards for each of the key words in this unit.

Here’s the new Unit Problem! Respond to this based on what you currently know… don’t worry if it’s not much—you’re going to learn a lot more!

In this activity, students examine some common graph shapes and learn how these shapes can help them make predictions about the future.

The past was not peaceful. Is there more violent conflict today than in the past? Is war becoming deadlier? The data is more complicated than you might think.

They look and sound similar, and they share similar meanings. So what is the difference between revolution and evolution?

Between 1775 and 1825 several revolutions occurred around the Atlantic Ocean, all influenced by Enlightenment ideas and provoked by economic problems.

The Enlightenment was a movement, a culture, and a passion for understanding. But it didn't include everyone, and not everyone agreed about how revolutionary it should be.

Did Enlightenment philosophy inspire revolutionary thinking? Use the Quick-Sourcing Tool to assess the sources in this collection to find out!

Did Enlightenment philosophy inspire revolutionary thinking? The primary sources in this collection will help you respond to this question.

Analyzing quotes from Enlightenment thinkers not only helps us understand that moment in time, it also helps us see how Enlightenment ideas impact the world today.

Paris in 1750 was a mix of old and new. Nothing shows this more than the Encyclopedia, which collected how things were done and proposed new visions for the future.

Sovereignty is the idea that people can govern themselves. This may sound obvious, but it actually was a pretty revolutionary idea to most people in 1750.

The “father of modern conservatism” was a British political figure and philosopher who was an important leader of the liberal transformation of the eighteenth century.

What makes someone “revolutionary”? Learn more about the women throughout history who have fought for change.

Explore the melodic side of revolutions in this short opening activity.

An era of political revolutions swept the Atlantic world, each unique but all connected, and some more revolutionary than others.

The Haitian Revolution defeated the French Empire, abolished slavery, and shook the foundations of the Atlantic slave economy. But the struggle didn’t end there.

Was West Africa as “revolutionary” in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries as all those other revolutions that were taking place during that time? This article argues it was!

In 1680, Pueblos in Nuevo México revolted against their Spanish colonizers. It was the first successful revolt against European colonialism in the United States.

Manuela Sáenz was a Latin American woman who strove to reconcile feminism with support for revolution. She and her compatriots Jonotas and Natan were spies and revolutionaries.

Be a sneak! Test your understanding of Unit 4 vocabulary by “sneaking” some vocab words into conversation.

A dash of unrest here, a sprinkle of bad harvests there, tossed in with some new ideas… boom, you’ve got yourself a revolution!

Anger over taxation and Enlightenment ideas about liberty helped cause the American Revolution. But in the new republic, liberty was unevenly distributed.

The French Revolution changed the world. Political inequality and expensive bread inspired people to overthrow the king. But things quickly got out of control.

For 300 years, Latin America had been ruled by the Spanish and Portuguese Empires. In the early nineteenth century, a racially diverse revolution erupted across the region.

Zoom in to a personal scale in this activity to think about identity. This will set the stage for examining developments in identity that led to nationalism in this unit.

As the influence of traditional sources of authority declined, people looked for a new way to identify themselves. In the Long Nineteenth Century, many turned to nationalism.

Nationalism has been the most impactful ideology of the modern world. It has allowed mass cooperation and produced mass violence. Is it good or bad?

How has your understanding changed since the beginning of the unit? Time to revisit the Unit Notebook!

In the middle of the nineteenth century, dozens of conflicts erupted across a world that had been connected by colonialism and industrialization. Coincidence? Not so much.

How did political revolutions impact communities and networks? Use the Quick-Sourcing Tool to assess the primary sources in this collection to find out!

How did political revolutions impact communities and networks? The primary sources in this collection will help you formulate a response to this question.

Our sense of responsibility to our community often shifts depending on what scale we are talking about.

In many multi-ethnic empires, people discovered their ethnicities and embraced nationalism in the nineteenth century as opportunities to achieve independence.

Rifa’a al-Tahtawi was an Egyptian scholar and imam who traveled to France in the nineteenth century. Upon his return, he wrote a book reconciling Islam and modern science.

Continue developing your understanding of CCOT, this time looking at the changes and continuities which occurred in Unit 4.

It’s time review the map predictions you made at the beginning of the unit, and examine a series of new maps to help you think about the unit problem.

A full-color political map of the world in 1750 CE, highlighting the major states, communities, and cities you’ll learn about in WHP.

A full-color thematic map of Empires, Enslavement, and Revolutions in 1750 CE, meant to help you support, extend, and challenge the frame narratives.

In this activity, you’ll take a look at the Organization and Language and Style rows of the rubric and evaluate a sample student essay. How did the author do?

In this Warm-Up activity, you’ll look closely at the Organization row of the WHP Writing Rubric to practice creating a clear, well-structured essay.

Revolutions don't just start out of nowhere. Analyze documents to help you understand and evaluate the origins of political revolutions of the long nineteenth century.

These DBQ writing samples provide example essays to help support writing instruction in different ways—use as you see fit in your classroom!

Now that you’ve written, it’s time to revise! This activity will help you identify areas to improve your writing based on the Organization row of the WHP Writing Rubric.

In this short video, Avi Benn (AKA Mary-Ann Bird) explains how poor families in England made the nails that held the British Empire together. For their hard work, nailers were cheated and paid a meager wage. Their grocery list hammers home how hard it must have been to stomach this kind of work.

You might take it for granted today, but clean water was a fantasy for most people during the Industrial Revolution. Everything from sewage to dead bodies polluted Britain’s water. In this short video, Peter Griffin explains how steam engines helped filter foreign bodies from our drinking water.

If you owned a hand-cranked washing machine in Victorian England, you were one lucky woman. If you were like most women, however, you did your washing by hand. In this short video, Avi Benn (AKA Mary-Ann Bird) plunges into the laborious—and sexist—world of Victorian clothes washing.

A respected historian described the last 250 years as the “Rise of the West.” Then 25 years later this idea was challenged. By the same historian. What changed?

Through most of the eighteenth century in Europe, kings ruled and peasants worked. But economic and intellectual movements were beginning to shake things up.

In the eighteenth century, not only did the Qing dynasty rule over a massive multi-ethnic empire, it also experienced an economic boom!

One of the largest states in the world in 1750, the Ottoman Empire was a multi-ethnic and multi-religious powerhouse but faced the challenge of a changing global economy.

The Tokugawa Shoguns generally ruled over a stable and wealthy Japan by mixing new and old strategies and carefully managing trade and foreign relations.

Sub-Saharan Africa in 1750 was a collection of diverse communities and states. They contributed to global trade and ideas, but the Atlantic slave trade was a growing threat.

The Americas in 1750 was a period of great change. Both under European empires and independent states, people shared religions, new ideas, and products with each other.

The societies of the Pacific were a web of communities by 1750. Despite long distances and great diversity, they used sophisticated maritime technology to stay connected.

What commonalities did communities separated by vast distances share? The primary sources in this collection will help you respond to this question.

Histories of nations and nationalism is very personally relatable… if you’re a famous man. Let’s take the point of view of one of the countless women history has forgotten.

In the nineteenth century, nationalism enflamed passions all across Europe. The Prussia minister, Otto von Bismarck, used these passions to build a German nation-state.

The Industrial Revolution, like pretty much everything else in the Long Nineteenth Century, was closely tied to the rise of capitalism as a new economic system.

The Industrial Revolution was about more than inventions, but we can’t ignore the innovations – and innovators – that changed the world.

So by now you know that revolution = big change. Which of the revolutions you’ve studied in this unit caused the greatest enduring change for the most people?