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Lesson 6.2 Vocab

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biodiversity
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Definition

the variety of life forms in a habitat, whether that habitat is a local environment or an entire planet

Use In A Sentence

Climate change threatens the current biodiversity that exists on our planet.

cash crop
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Definition

a crop that is produced to be sold somewhere else, rather than consumed locally

Use In A Sentence

Imperialists forced local communities to change their fields from food crops to cash crops in an attempt to increase profits.

Columbian Exchange
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Definition

The transfer of plants, animals, people, ideas, and diseases between the Americas and the rest of the world after 1492

economy
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Definition

the system, within a particular country, or region, of handling wealth and resources, producing goods and services, and consuming goods and services

Use In A Sentence

The American economy was particularly strong in the 1950s.

Transatlantic slave trade
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world zone
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Definition

a large region of human interaction, linked geographically, culturally, economically, and sometimes politically

Use In A Sentence

The barriers between world zones have practically disappeared with colonization, mass trade, and globalization.

Four World Zones Connect

Driving Question: What are the pros and cons of the interconnection of the four world zones?

How did connecting once-isolated continents reshape the world? Explore the ripple effects of the Columbian Exchange to uncover how the flow of goods, ideas, diseases, and people transformed global life and made it more complex than ever.

Learning Objectives:

  1. Explain how the interconnection of the four world zones increased complexity.
  2. Assess the consequences of the Columbian Exchange.
STEP 1

Opener: Four World Zones Connect

Teaching Tools

Spice up how you teach the Columbian Exchange by using one of the many ideas shared in these teacher-created videos External link .

Imagine living in the late 1400s when the known world doubled in size! People in the Americas didn’t know about those in Afro-Eurasia and vice versa. Time for you to figure out where some crops and animals originated.

STEP 2

The World Connects

We’ve been talking about world zones a lot, so let’s take some time to define them, and figure out how some came to be more powerful than others.

STEP 3

An Accidental Discovery

Teaching Tools

The Columbian Exchange sparked the first global trade networks, setting the stage for today’s fossil-fuel-dependent transport systems. Explore how modern innovations are working to transform this legacy and decarbonize global trade in Lesson 4.2 External link of OER Project: Climate.

The Columbian Exchange is the name historians give to the transfer of goods, ideas, and even diseases between the Afro-Eurasian and American world zones. Here’s how it all went down.

The Columbian Exchange External link

We have the Columbian Exchange to thank for potatoes in Ireland and tomatoes in Italy. While global connection increased the complexity of the world, that connection came at a steep price.
STEP 4

Economic Changes

New world zones, new products, new demands. Economies around the globe changed as new connections formed during the Columbian Exchange. This next article explores those changes.

STEP 5

Closer: Four World Zones Connect

Let’s bring it all together and see what you think about one of the most important eras in world history!

Extension Materials
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Expanding networks had both positive and negative impacts. Check out the activity, graphic biographies, article, and assessment below to find out how.
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Transforming Environments

Teaching Tools

Did you know that scholars used to think that Polynesians made it to islands such as Hawaii and New Zealand by accident? Then, Mau Piailug proved them wrong by sharing his navigation knowledge, which had been passed down through generations of collective learning.

What does the Columbian Exchange have to do with modern climate change? Explore how this exchange transformed environments in ways we are still feeling today.

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The Explorers

Teaching Tools

Graphic biographies are short and fun, but they’re also packed with information. Share this tool External link with your students to help them break down the elements of graphic bios.

When you think of explorers you might imagine Spanish conquistadors or modern astronauts, but some of the greatest explorers who ever lived were curious people who built upon centuries of collective learning.

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Unit 6 Assessment

Teaching Tools

We know that writing a full DBQ essay might be challenging for middle-school students. This optional assessment can be adapted in a few ways: 1) Have students focus on the prewriting exercise, modeling how to unpack the prompt and write a claim. You can use the table on page 2 of the Claim Warm-Up activity to help students parse the prompt and craft their claim. 2) Create learning stations for student groups to examine a smaller selection of the DBQ sources and decide how each source helps to answer the prompt. 3) Shorten the essay in the writing activity to a paragraph or have students create a different product, such as a Google Slide or infographic.

This writing assignment is available through Khan Academy’s Writing Coach, an AI-powered tool that guides students through the writing process and provides feedback—without doing the thinking or writing for them. Learn more and find a direct link to this assignment in our Writing Coach Guide.